- The _________________________ reforms in the Ottoman Empire, between 1839 and 1876 reorganized education, established railways and telegraph systems, and resulted in a constitution based on European prototypes.
- _________________________, the head of the coalition of Mamluk households that shared power in Egypt at the time of Napoleon’s arrival, dismissed the invader as insignificant.
- Intermarrying with Turkish families, Muhammad Ali’s descendants provided a succession of rulers in Egypt known as _________________________.
- The completion of the _________________________ Canal in 1869 shortened the distance by sea between Europe and Asia and allowed steamboats to replace sailing vessels.
- At the battle of _________________________ in 1898, the bulk of the Mahdist cavalry and its commander were slaughtered.
- Overseas trading links gave rise to a wealthy new group of merchants, the _________________________, who specialized in the import-export trade on China’s southern coast.
- In the late 1830s, the Chinese emperor sent one of his most distinguished officials, _________________________, to stamp out the opium trade.
- Led by a mentally unstable, semi-Christian prophet named Hong Xiuquan, the _________________________ Rebellion exacerbated stresses within Chinese society.
- The last decades of the Manchu dynasty were dominated by the ultraconservative dowager empress _________________________.
- In 1912, the last of emperor of China, a small boy named _________________________, was deposed.